A histone modification that alters the nucleosome structure occurs in mitosis and promotes chromosome packaging and the timely removal of condensin I and cohesion, to achieve chromosome segregation.

Condensin I maintains chromosome organization throughout metaphase by preventing erroneous topoisomerase II-dependent sister chromatid re-entanglements.

Contrary to the generally accepted model, condensin maintains proper gene expression by promoting the accurate segregation of chromosomes and the partitioning of the RNA-exosome throughout mitosis, instead of directly regulating transcription.

The Smc–ScpAB complex-a prokaryotic ancestor of cohesin, condensin and Smc5/6-loads onto the bacterial chromosome by employing ATP hydrolysis to capture DNA fibers within its tripartite ring.

Shugoshin proteins help to align chromosomes so that copies of the same chromosome attach to microtubules from opposite poles during cell division.

C. elegans equalizes the expression of X-chromosome genes between the sexes by reducing the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to promoters of X-linked genes in hermaphrodites, using a chromosome-restructuring complex called condensin.

A combination of structural, biochemical, single-molecule and in vivo methods are used to show how ParB locally condenses the bacterial chromosome near the origin and earmarks this region for segregation.

Gene regulatory elements can target a chromatin regulatory complex to a single chromosome in the genome through hierarchical specification and long distance cooperation.

A computational model of a yeast chromosome, based on first principles, recapitulates in vivo chromosome behavior, and thus provides unprecedented insight into what the inside of a chromosome is likely to look like.

The patterns of chromatin architecture that underlie the initial embryonic cell fate decisions are established during a period of intense cell cycle activity, and these patterns are stably maintained even in highly condensed mitotic chromatin.