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Sonic hedgehog signaling is crucial for the self-renewal of outer radial glial cells and gyrus formation of the cerebral cortex in gyrencephalic mammals.

Surface-based registration of the folded or unfolded human hippocampus achieves subfield alignment to within approximately 0.5 mm.

The assignment of borders to foreground objects occurs in cortical columns in primate visual cortex, and first in deep layers, suggesting a central role for feedback.

Having compared cross-species cortical folding patterns between humans and macaques, it is shown that 'Gyral Peaks' can stably exist across different species.

Extensive mass spectrometry-based profiling of polar metabolites within synaptic vesicles that are rapidly isolated either from cultured mouse neurons or directly from mouse brains reveals their neurotransmitter composition.

Compressing the actomyosin network by cortical flow causes filaments to align and form a constricting ring.

Cross-species alignment based on cortical myelin content can dissociate cortical expansion and relocation from changes in connectivity profiles in the temporal lobe of higher primates.

Lactate is preferred to glucose as an energy substrate and exacerbates spiking activity in most neuron types of juvenile somatosensory cortex by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

In a mouse model of DYT25 dystonia with disruption of striatal neurotransmission by Gnal mutation, the cerebello-thalamic excitability is increased following symptom expression and θ-burst cerebellar stimulations during cholinergic-induced dystonia depress the cerebello-thalamic transmission and reduce the motor symptom severity.

A characterization of LGN-V1 synaptic transmission properties demonstrates thalamocortical synapses in vivo are weak and unreliable, but biologically constrained models show they efficiently drive cortex.