Novel evidence for a role of feedback in the perception of uniform surfaces in the human brain suggests that feedback already re-enters at an early visual processing stage.

The assignment of borders to foreground objects occurs in cortical columns in primate visual cortex, and first in deep layers, suggesting a central role for feedback.

Simultaneous sampling of electrical voltages outside the brain with neural signals in the cerebral cortex reveals how electrical currents in mosaics of cortical columns produce an electrical signal that can be measured noninvasively to assess the allocation of attention.

Local sensory signals in visual and frontal cortex play a causal role in task performance, while widespread dorsal cortical signals correlating with movement reflect processes that do not.

Locally recorded calcium events related to slow wave activity show a global cortical fMRI BOLD correlate, establishing a direct relation between a basic neurophysiological signal and the macroscopic perspective of pre-clinical fMRI.

Cortical oscillations in human MEG are lamina-specific, with low-frequency activity predominating in deep, and high-frequency activity in more superficial layers of sensory and motor cortices.

The spatial and dynamic properties of self-motion signals are acquired at the first stage of otolith signal transformation, which is in the brainstem and cerebellum, and conserved across brainstem, cerebellar and cortical areas.

Excitatory output neurons in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex display heterogeneously specialized coding properties that evolve during cue-reward learning and predict cue-driven reward seeking.

The coactivity of cortical neurons in associative learning recruits them as associative memory cells based on their synapse interconnections by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation, which endorses the first order and the second order of associative memory.