Despite the virus' error prone polymerase, influenza virus antigenic evolution is rare, even in previously immune hosts, virus replication occurs before producing new antibodies.

A model of pathogen co-evolving with host population continuously acquiring immunity is used to identify evolutionary parameters allowing pathogen population to persist without going extinct or splitting into independent lineages.

Noise-averaging cooperation (NAC) is a novel theory for the emergence of microbial cross-feeding by which noisy intracellular metabolism can promote cooperation and cross-feeding among cells.

Each dengue serotype contains moderate antigenic diversity, and population immunity drives clade turnover in a hyperendemic population.

A computational model shows that natural selection can cause populations to evolve a distinctive population-level phenotype: the ability to transition between collective states in response to the environment.

Diverse histories of viral exposure, for example in individuals of different age, makes viral evolution less predictable with features of adaptive and neutral evolution.

Insights from integrating evolutionary predictions and protein dynamics unveil how specific mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epistatically interact in order to influence spike protein interaction with human cells, potentially altering the virus's infectivity and immune evasion capabilities.

Hemoglobin affinity and cooperativity reveal mechanistic insights in how the relation between physiology and evolutionary variations shape a protein's molecular property.

Interspecies comparison of transcription factor occupancy during embryogenesis reveals potential co-operative relationships between factors and uncovers the inherent plasticity of developmental enhancers to overcome divergence in transcription factor occupancy.

An evolutionary algorithm is used to build gene networks implementing cell size control, and suggests multiple ways for evolution to first build sizers and turn them into adders depending on evolutionary constraints.