A 2-year field study has demonstrated that volatile compounds produced by plants when they are attacked by herbivores act as defenses by attracting predators to the herbivores and increasing the reproduction of the plants.

Neurons in the hippocampus modulate the rates at which they fire, and the locations in which they fire, so as to encode the information that is central to forming memories about personal experiences.

Sugar levels in leaves act as a signal for plants to switch from their juvenile to their adult form by regulating the expression of two genes.

The ability of Manduca moths to recognize changes in the profile of volatile compounds released by plants being attacked by Manduca caterpillars allows them to lay their eggs on plants that are less likely to be attacked by insects and other predators, and to avoid competing against other caterpillars of the same species for resources.

Imaging experiments reveal that some brain regions do not distinguish between actions performed using tools and those performed using the hands, while others represent these two types of action separately.

Detailed analysis of fMRI data shows that sequences of movements are associated with individual patterns of neural activity that become more distinct with training.

Synergistic interactions with PI(4,5)P2 and activated Rho1, which are enriched at the apical membrane of tubular organs, facilitate tight apical targeting of the formin Diaphanous.

Experiments with realistic acoustic stimuli have revealed that humans distinguish salient sounds from background noise by integrating frequency and temporal information.

The use of metaphorical concepts is not unique to humans.

A deubiquitinase antagonizes the activity of an associated E3 ligase to prevent uncontrolled ubiquitination of a degradation machinery protein and thus maintain its functionality in protein quality control at the endoplasmic reticulum.