Pancreatic α and β cells have different cell autonomous signatures; this explains why α but not β cells can clear infections by potentially diabetogenic viruses.
Proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells into terminal effectors occurs in the marginal zone and red pulp, and is promoted by IL-12 through direct and indirect mechanisms.
A cytokine partly derived from macrophages is required to promote normal muscle health and metabolism by inhibiting the activity of the insulin signalling pathway in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster.
HEC transcription factors control the timing of cell fate transitions in a dynamic stem cell system, allowing plants to adapt their developmental program to diverse environments.
A murine model of sepsis shows that the purinergic P2X7 receptor controls the release of CD14 in extracellular vesicles playing a key role in cytokine production, bacterial clearance, and survival.
Immune expulsion of helminth parasites is driven by two key pathways mediated by soluble cytokines ligating to the IL-4 and IL-25 receptors acting on innate effector cells throughout the course of infection.
A biochemical reconstitution shows that the accumulation of Caulobacter crescentus ParB on DNA requires cytidine triphosphate and a closed DNA substrate in vitro.
A novel microscopy-based assay shows that dendritic cells encountering pathogenic stimuli form increased complexes of specific SNARE proteins, driving release of large amounts of inflammatory cytokines.
The induction of ISG15 during bacterial infection can be independent of Type I Interferons and leads to an increase in the secretion of cytokines known to be critical for bacterial clearance.
The mosses and angiosperms have independently evolved mechanisms that use the same hormones-auxin, cytokinin and strigolactone-to regulate lateral shoot branching.
