A gene that codes for a transcription factor that is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism also has a role in the regulation of circadian rhythms.

In contrast to current models, inputs from midbrain limbic structures, but not from the hippocampus, are necessary for mammillary body contributions to memory.

The therapeutic effects of the sleeping pill zolpidem in patients with disorders of consciousness may be due to recruitment of brain cells idling in abnormally low-frequency brain waves.

Electrophysiological recordings show that cones in the eyes of mice are able to receive strong input from rods via gap junctions, supporting the view that this route plays an important role in vision.

A gene found in Drosophila, and named redeye, encodes a protein that accumulates during sleep deprivation and forms part of the homeostatic system that promotes and maintains sleep.

In the liver, microRNAs exert widespread functions in the modulation of phases and amplitudes of clock-controlled gene expression, but their influence on the core clock is remarkably mild.

In Arabidopsis, a natural variant of the ELF3 protein, which originated in Central Asia, is less likely to accumulate in the nucleus, and causes the circadian clock to run faster and be less responsive to environmental cues.