Size threshold and suprastructure formation are key parameters that control the infective potential of amyloid fibrils as prion particles.

Although questionable research practices inflate false positive rates, they have little effect on replicability because they also increase power.

Under conditions where the force of HIV infection per cell is high, partial attenuation of infection with inhibitors can increase the number of live infected cells and may paradoxically be beneficial for viral spread.

TCR and CD40L microclusters are linked in synaptic ectosomes (extracellular vesicles) and released in the immunological synapse by helper T cells and induce dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production.

Orthologous proteins that continuously maintain the same molecular function do not usually diverge beyond a certain level of sequence and structural similarity.

By inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, HIV-1 Vpu exerts much broader immunosuppressive effects than previously anticipated and may be an important determinant of chronic inflammation in HIV-1 infected individuals.

SARS-CoV-2 spike variants that resist neutralization by therapeutic antibodies or convalescent plasma can be generated in the laboratory and exist at low frequency in natural populations.

Artificial selection on communities drives the evolution of interactions and establishes community-level inheritance.

A subcortical white matter connection from the pulvinar to the amygdala predicts how well we recognise fearful faces and the strength of feed-forward neural connectivity.

Realistic reaction-diffusion signaling networks that include cell-autonomous factors can robustly form self-organizing spatial patterns for any combination of diffusion coefficients without requiring differential diffusivity.