Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

Negative feedback signals within the substantia nigra regulate the output of the basal ganglia, with implications for disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

Genetic rescue experiments reveal that γ-secretase enzymes containing Aph1b subunits control signalling by type III neuregulin 1, with implications for schizophrenia.

The kinase GSK-3 regulates cortical neuronal migration and dendritic orientation by phosphorylating key cytoskeletal proteins.

Contrary to a long-standing hypothesis, the neuronal death that leads to muscle wastage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis does not result from overactivity of those neurons during development.

Conditional transgenic miR-9 sponge mice exhibit developmental defects in dendrite growth due to up-regulation of the transcriptional repressor REST.

The neural circuit underlying defecation behavior in Drosophila larvae has been identified and characterized.

There is surprising functional splitting of major hippocampal GABA cell classes during high-frequency network oscillations that doubles the repertoire of spatio-temporal patterns of GABA release.

Lrp4 mutant mice display profound deficits in cognitive tasks that assess learning and memory with disruptions in the subcellular organization of synaptic inputs and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.

The lateral horn can be classified into three functional odor response domains that decode opposing hedonic valences and odor intensity.