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Four αβ-tubulin dimers associate laterally on γ-TuRC to define the rate-limiting transition state for microtubule nucleation.

Liquid-liquid phase separation of tau is demonstrated to be an equilibrium state, stable only within a narrow range near physiological conditions, and thus has the capacity to regulate biological processes.

Computational modeling motivated by recent experiments clarifies biophysical mechanisms generating the rhythm and amplitude of breathing at the level of neurons and brain circuits in mammals.

A theoretical model explains how protein density and nuclear to cell volume ratio are maintained during cell growth, discusses conditions under which this breaks down, and highlights the importance of metabolites, mainly amino acids such as glutamate, in this homeostasis.