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Profiling the adipocyte secretome reveals LRG1 as a novel adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity and modulates inflammation triggered by release of cytochrome c from dead/dying cells, describing a new pathway at the intersection of obesity and its systemic sequelae.

A series of functional assays in mouse models and primary brown adipocytes confirm that the ACE2 pathway regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis, and maintains thermogenesis and systemic energy metabolism by both the Akt and PKA signaling.

Pathological vessel leakage in mouse retinopathy models depends on VE-cadherin Y685 phosphorylation status, which in turn is regulated by a signaling cascade originating with VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation.

Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein binds directly to fructose transporters and regulates fructose metabolism, both acutely and chronically.

The repression of HIF-1 plays a central role in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and subsequent tissue damage in diabetes, which is mediated by increased mitochondrial respiration, making HIF-1 signaling an attractive therapeutic target for diabetes complications.

The liver microRNA transcriptome of humans with type 2 diabetes and obesity is analyzed for the first time and compared with diet-induced obesity in mice.

Vascular leakage from pathological vessels in retinopathy aggravates the disease, but endothelial junction stability and barrier integrity can be restored by blocking formation of nitric oxide.

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce podocyte lipotoxicity and improve kidney function in experimental Alport syndrome through a mechanism that involves a switch from the utilization of glucose to fatty acids as an energy substrate in podocytes.

A subpopulation of multi-secretory hypothalamic stem cells was developed to form 3D spheres for peripheral application against mortality and symptom of a severe diabetes model.