Digital NF-κB signaling achieves orthogonal control over the probability of activation (percentage of activated cells) and dynamic response heterogeneity in the population via the area and shape of the input profile.
FGF signalling is responsible for priming the developmental enhancer ZRS across the distal limb mesenchyme during development, allowing ETS factors to modulate its activity through balancing histone acetylation.
Pre-existing enhancers interpret T cell signaling strength in an analogue manner to direct quantitative changes in gene expression within the context of an overall digital response.
Dopamine, a reward signal in the brain, can retroactively convert hippocampal synaptic depression into potentiation, suggesting an elegant biological solution to the distal reward problem.
In contrast to growing evidence that juxtracrine signalling accounts for Wnt/Wingless patterning function, Wingless behaves as a released signal in Drosophila renal tubule development, being secreted from the midgut to spread and pattern the proximal tubule.
SHH signaling acts through FOXF1/2 transcription factors and antagonizes BMP signaling to specify oral fate and pattern the oral-aboral axis of the mandibular arch to ensure proper formation of jaws.
New views on the relevance of bone morphogenetic protein signalling fine tuning in the cardiac neural crest cells for the heart outflow tract septation and the formation of the great arteries.
