Dopamine transporter (DAT) interaction with furopyrimidine called AIM-100 in intact cells leads to dramatic oligomerization, nanoclustering and endocytosis of DAT by a novel mechanism coupled to the transporter molecule conformation.

Attenuated anticipatory activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex is modulated by dopamine D1 receptor density in nucleus accumbens, and accounts for impaired probabilistic reward learning in older adults.

Dopamine, a reward signal in the brain, can retroactively convert hippocampal synaptic depression into potentiation, suggesting an elegant biological solution to the distal reward problem.

Dopamine signaling is necessary for normal fear extinction learning.

Disinhibition of dopamine neurons in the midbrain drives heroin reinforcement, the initial step towards opioid addiction.

Discrimination of predictive and non-predictive fear stimuli requires plasticity in the lateral amygdala that is regulated by midbrain dopamine neurons.

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

Rat behavior and dopamine release are preferentially modulated by subjective rather than objective evaluation of outcomes in a social setting.

Dopamine novelty signals are localized in the posterior tail of the striatum along with general salience signals, while dopamine in the ventral striatum reliably encodes reward prediction error.

Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.