At least three hypothalamic subsystems are involved in cardiovascular regulation in humans.

In fruit flies, maternally deposited RNA-binding proteins are removed during the maternal-to-zygotic transition via a mechanism of translational upregulation of Kondo, the key E2 enzyme, at egg activation.

Volume electron microscopy reveals the synaptic organization of the neuropil of the human hippocampal CA1 field.

Interaction mapping of ubiquitin ligase complexes embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane has identified interactors of RNF26 that influence innate immune signalling.

The PreBötzinger complex, which contains neurons that are the kernel for inspiratory rhythm generation, also contains sympathoexcitatory and parasympathoinhibitory neurons that drive respiratory-phase oscillations in blood pressure and heart rate.

Leptin acts in the paraventricular nucleus to slowly increase sympathetic nerve activity to skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue via induction of its own receptor in TRH glutamatergic neurons.

Measures of visuocortical activity during aversive generalization learning revealed sharpened representations of facial identity, reflecting inhibitory interactions between neuronal populations that represent facial features associated with threat versus safety.

Exogenous opioid analgesia is mediated by MORs expressed in glutamatergic neurons, whereas endogenous opioid analgesia is mediated by MORs expressed in GABAergic neurons.

Dorsal raphe Pet1 neurons are molecularly heterogeneous, comprising as many as fourteen distinct subtypes that show biased cell body distributions across dorsal raphe subdomains.

In mouse brain slices, native delta glutamate receptors carry ionic current and underlie the α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated depolarization of dorsal raphe neurons that drives action potential firing in vivo.