Retrieval enhances fear memory through reconsolidation by activating calcineurin-induced protein degradation and CREB-mediated gene expression in amygdala, hippocampus, and mPFC.
Single-unit activity in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, a brain region implicated in organizing fear output, is found to reflect threat probability, a more versatile threat signal.
The hippocampus features a double dissociation in its circuits with respect to the regulation of fear and anxiety, with CA3 and the dentate gyrus implicated in anxiety and CA1 in fear.
Behavior- or optogenetic-driven activation of a basolateral amygdala projection to the nucleus accumbens enhances infralimbic cortex activity and long-term fear extinction.
Efficient targeting of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the inner nuclear membrane depends on GTP hydrolysis by Atlastin GTPases and their function in maintaining an interconnected topology of the ER network.
Par-complex-dependent cell polarity can be cell-autonomously conferred to non-polar Drosophila S2 cells, unveiling temporal patterns toward the cortical localization of Par-complex aggregates that include a meshwork containing unit segments.
The pressure of fluid in the inner ear is controlled by opening of cellular valves in the endolymphatic sac to allow for regulated transepithelial fluid flow.
