An early start to long-term antiretroviral therapy limits the size of the HIV-1 reservoir more effectively than treatment that starts later.

A single neonatal inflammatory event induces long-term impairments in two forms of adult respiratory motor plasticity, an important aspect of the control of breathing for compensation after injury or disease.

Increased primary root growth in pearl millet is correlated with early water stress tolerance, an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel, and is associated with the regulation of root cell elongation by a glutaredoxin.

The enduring impacts of early-life seizures on cognition and behavior are not attributed to neuronal loss but to disrupted hippocampus-prefrontal cortex network dynamics, heightened neuroinflammation, and altered dopaminergic transmission.

Early-life experiences and neuromodulatory mechanisms shape discontinuous behavioral plasticity across developmental stages and modify the spectrum of long-term individuality patterns within isogenic populations.

Wild chimpanzees contrast to humans since adult male chimpanzees do not exhibit physiological indicators of biological embedding of the stress associated to maternal loss early in life.

Enhanced Gq-signaling-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons in postnatal life programs enhanced anxiety-, despair- and schizophrenia-like behavior, recapitulating key aspects of the behavioral consequences of early life adversity.

Label-free three-photon imaging of whole, uncleared intact organoids generated from Rett syndrome patients show shorter migration distances and slower migration speeds of mutant radially migrating neurons with more tortuous trajectories.

In mitotically aging yeast cells, the cytosol acidifies, the distances between the organellar membranes decrease dramatically, but crowding on the scale of the average size protein is relatively stable.

The evolving spatial distribution of nuclei between apical and basal surfaces of the developing retinal neuroepithelium is quantitatively described by a nonlinear diffusion equation accounting for crowding within the tissue.