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Cells adapt to extracellular hypertonicities using regulatory volume increase (RVI), and TNFR1-mediated NFkB activation is indispensable for RVI, but the increased cytoplasmic macromolecular crowding can inhibit TNFR1 signaling and prevent RVI at severe hypertonicities.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis penetrates the airway mucosa through M cells via the mycobacterial virulence factor EsxA and the host M cell surface receptor scavenger receptor B1.

Nicotine affects intestinal stem cells rather than Paneth cells, resulting in the increased stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal stem cells.

The phosphorylation of FLS2 may activate flg22-triggered immunity by facilitating the partitioning of FLS2 into functional AtRem1.3-associated nanodomains.

Massive IgG and IgA antibody deposition in severe alcoholic hepatitis livers, targeting unique human proteins and exhibiting hepatocyte killing potential, suggests a role for cross-reactive anti-bacterial antibodies in severe alcoholic hepatitis pathogenesis.

Endothelial YAP/TAZ shape the developing vasculature by orchestrating mechanical inputs with BMP signalling to promote junctional VE-Cadherin turnover and cellular rearrangements.

Bacteria produce a syringe-like structure, loaded with a single protein within the lumen of its needle-like tube, that is sufficient for stimulating animal metamorphosis.

Gene function can be revealed based on characteristic phenotypes using a Cell Painting microscopy assay.

Secreted effector proteins of Toxoplasma gondii parasites create a supportive immune environment in mice, allowing individually less fit mutants to thrive and evade detection by in vivo CRISPR screens.

ORAI1 ion channel lipid modification is required for a proper immune synapse formation and T cell activation.