Multivariate analyses of human electrophysiological recordings revealed that the brain represents unexpected visual stimuli with greater fidelity than expected stimuli which arose independently of simple habituation arising from repetition.

The P300, an electroencephalography (EEG) component known to be evoked by surprising events, predicts learning in a bidirectional manner that depends critically on the surrounding statistical context.

Reactivating brain activity patterns during sleep enhances memory performance the next day.

Odor cues in sleep evoke content-specific signatures of neural reactivation in visual and prefrontal brain areas that predict subsequent memory performance in the wake state.

Temporal uncertainty interferes with the timely onset of evidence accumulation in perceptual decision making prompting the brain to rely instead on statistical regularities in the temporal structure of the environment.

Decision-makers are able to intentionally control neural excitability to strategically bias sensory evidence accumulation towards the decision bound that maximizes reward within a given ecological context.

Rhythms of lip movements entrain low-frequency brain oscillations and facilitate audiovisual speech processing.

A combined behavioural and electroencephalographic approach investigating the covert allocation of attention shows evidence for distributed periodic sampling away from a conscious visual image.