The use of a conformation-selective inhibitory nanobody provides critical information on MelB at a low-sugar affinity inward-facing Na+-bound state for establishing the mobile barrier and substrate-releasing mechanisms.
Rumation of anurans covaried negatively with brain size but positively with reproductive investment, likely in response to brumation-dependent changes in the socio-ecological context and associated selection on different tissues.
Glucocorticoids are assumed to reflect 'stress,' but they increase proportionally to the increase in metabolic rate induced by stressors, leading us to propose that glucocorticoids reflect metabolic rate, not stress.
During the evolution of amniotes, the transformation of branchial arches coincided with the drastic remodeling of the ancestral extrinsic cardiac arteries, giving rise to novel ventricular coronary arteries that are unique to amniotes.