Two therapsid clades, dicynodonts and cynodonts, independently acquired and developed an endotherm-like thermoregulation during the Late Permian period, that probably helped them to survive the major global climate and environmental fluctuations of the end-Permian.

Data analysis of a large number of species indicates that a negative temperature-mass relationship is not common among species, which has been an ecological assumption for over a century.

In-silico modeling of gene and protein emergence reveals how colony-stimulating factors contributed to the evolution and functional adaptions observed in mammalian neutrophils.

Behavioural, molecular, and functional analyses revealed that fever contributes to induction and resolution phases of acute inflammation, through enhancement of antimicrobial defences, increased efficiency in inflammation control, and improved wound repair.

A specialized conduction pathway for the electrical impulse in the heart, previously thought to be associated with the endothermic mammals and birds only, is also present in the ectothermic crocodiles.

Why is the alligator heart so similar to the hearts of birds and mammals?

Dormancy during non-life-threatening periods that are unfavorable for reproduction may be more widespread than previously appreciated.

Diffusion but not advection becomes increasingly challenging for gas transport across insect spiracles as body size increases.

Ancestral sequence reconstruction of an essential muscle protein involved in oxygen storage and transport accurately tracks secondary aquatic transitions in a speciose clade of insectivorous mammals.

Neotropical outstanding biodiversity emerged from sustained rates of species accumulation over time, although, for some periods, tetrapods were less successful than plants in keeping pace with a changing environment.