The transcription factor STAT5 mediates the increased breast cancer risk associated with a late age pregnancy, but intermittent anti-STAT5 treatment can lower this risk and thus prevent breast cancer.

MicroRNAs tightly control the cellular level of homologous recombination (HR) factors in the G1 phase, and failure of this control system results in an ectopic increase in HR proteins in G1 cells leading to impaired DNA repair.

Disrupting extrusion, a process that drives epithelial cell death, leads to increased cell survival, poor barrier function, and enhanced cell invasion and, thereby, promotes tumor initiation and progression.

Mucosal application of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, which is intended to prevent HIV transmission, has many off-target effects on the mucosa itself.

Increasing the internal pH of cells can induce dysplasia and enhance oncogene-increased cell growth, while decreasing the internal pH combined with oncogene expression leads to synthetic lethality.

Co-mutation of two powerful oncogenes in certain cell types may have a lethal effect that explains the mutual exclusivity of the mutations.

Inhibition of microRNA-203 by oncogenic HRas mutations promotes skin cancer initiation.

By regulating acinar cell differentiation, the transcription factor PTF1A acts as a novel class of tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer.