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    1. Developmental Biology

    Expansion and conversion of human pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting endocrine cells

    Jonghyeob Lee, Takuya Sugiyama ... Seung K Kim
    Cells from the human pancreatic duct can be grown in culture and triggered to become insulin-producing cells, which could potentially be transplanted into patients with diabetes.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Ribosome profiling reveals pervasive and regulated stop codon readthrough in Drosophila melanogaster

    Joshua G Dunn, Catherine K Foo ... Jonathan S Weissman
    Ribosomes translate through stop codons far more often than previously thought, yielding C-terminally extended proteins in a variety of eukaryotes.
    1. Neuroscience

    Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B mutations in rab7 cause dosage-dependent neurodegeneration due to partial loss of function

    Smita Cherry, Eugene Jennifer Jin ... P Robin Hiesinger
    Mutations that reduce the functioning of rab7 may underlie the degeneration of sensory and motor nerves in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B disease, which suggests increasing endolysosomal function as a therapy.
    1. Neuroscience

    Synchronous and asynchronous modes of synaptic transmission utilize different calcium sources

    Hua Wen, Jeffrey M Hubbard ... Paul Brehm
    The delayed-onset of asynchronous transmitter release seen in neurons that fire repeatedly is triggered by a different source of calcium from that which triggers synchronous transmitter release.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Multiple knockout mouse models reveal lincRNAs are required for life and brain development

    Martin Sauvageau, Loyal A Goff ... John L Rinn
    Long intergenic noncoding RNA molecules (lincRNAs) are shown to have critical roles in mammalian development and physiology in vivo.
    1. Plant Biology

    The transcriptional regulator BZR1 mediates trade-off between plant innate immunity and growth

    Rosa Lozano-Durán, Alberto P Macho ... Cyril Zipfel
    The transcriptional regulator BZR1 acts as a molecular integrator of environmental cues regulating the trade-off between growth and innate immunity.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Activation-triggered subunit exchange between CaMKII holoenzymes facilitates the spread of kinase activity

    Margaret Stratton, Il-Hyung Lee ... John Kuriyan
    Activation of CaMKII holoenzymes triggers the exchange of subunits with other holoenzymes, including unactivated ones, enabling the calcium-independent phosphorylation and activation of new subunits.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    The Brm-HDAC3-Erm repressor complex suppresses dedifferentiation in Drosophila type II neuroblast lineages

    Chwee Tat Koe, Song Li ... Hongyan Wang
    A novel complex composed of various components of a chromatin remodeling complex, a chromatin remodeling factor and a transcription factor suppresses the dedifferentiation of intermediate neural progenitors back into neuroblasts in Drosophila.
    1. Neuroscience

    Long term functional plasticity of sensory inputs mediated by olfactory learning

    Nixon M Abraham, Roberto Vincis ... Alan Carleton
    Associative learning, but not passive odorant exposure, induces a novel long lasting functional plasticity in the periphery of mouse olfactory system, making previously encountered odors easier to detect in the future.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    T cells translate individual, quantal activation into collective, analog cytokine responses via time-integrated feedbacks

    Karen E Tkach, Debashis Barik ... Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
    Experiment-driven quantitative model of IL-2 secretion demonstrates how T cells integrate their digital antigen responses into an analog-scaled output.