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Cryo-EM structures of 70S•RelA ribosome complexes reveal how cognate deacyl-tRNA activates RelA.

TGFβ and serotonin signaling in a neural circuit encodes food availability; these signals regulate the dynamic range and variability on the circuit to impact coding accuracy and lifespan responses.

High-throughput droplet-based cultivation of gut microbes reduces biases of traditional cultivation strategies and thereby enables detection of difficult-to-culture organisms, which is required in applications such as antibiotic screening.

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase uses a metamorphic polymerase domain that minimizes its coding requirements but requires a complex maturation process.

The southern house mosquito senses the oviposition attractants skatole and indole with two receptor proteins sharing only 50% amino acid identity, and having the residues alanine-73 and leucine-74 in the skatole and indole receptors, respectively, control their specificity.

More integrated brains in crown birds evolved through a mosaic assembly of new evolutionary and developmental dynamics across neuroanatomical regions that occurred along the dinosaur-bird transition.

An evolutionarily conserved neuron-specific and stimulus-dependent enhancer region downstream of the Bdnf exon III regulates the expression of Bdnf transcripts starting from the upstream 5' exons.

By driving the localized contraction of subcellular muscle regions, a single motor neuron reverses the flow of material in the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx, a neuromuscular pump, converting feeding into spitting.

Aerobic glycolysis in rod photoreceptors of adult mice is regulated by allostery and FGF signaling and is required for maintaining outer segments.

HCN and SK channel currents in striatal cholinergic neurons are decreased with dopamine loss, but only HCN is restored by chronic L-DOPA and SK abnormality persists in dyskinesia.