Life-threatening S. aureus infections emerge from commensal nose bacteria in association with repeatable adaptive evolution.

A gene duplication event has permitted the functional specialization of a homeodomain transcription factor through changes in exon-intron organization and these changes have supported the evolution of a major, phylum-level morphological novelty.

All-atom molecular dynamics of the HBV capsid supports a role for structural asymmetry in biological function, reveals the potential for triangular pores to mediate cellular signaling, and indicates that capsid flexibility may limit resolution attainable by cryo-EM.

In-lab evolution of synthetic promoters has revealed a novel general mechanism for de novo evolution of gene regulation, and highlights the crucial role of expression noise in this process.

Enzyme evolution is reversible on a structural and functional (phenotypic) level, but through a different mutational pathway that leads to genotypic incompatibility with the ancestor.

Experimental mapping of the joint sequence space of an ancient transcription factor (TF) and its DNA binding sites reveals that epistasis across the molecular interface permitted the evolution of a new and specific TF-DNA complex.

The evolution of insecticide-avoidance behaviour can be used to generate new spatial repellents to keep malaria vectors out of homes.

The convergent evolution of unusually strict substrate specificity in apicomplexan LDHs arose by classic neofunctionalization of a duplicated MDH gene via few mutations of large effect.

Some of the mutations that occur during influenza evolution can only be tolerated in conjunction with other mutations that increase the stability of a viral protein.

Influenza evolution within infected hosts recapitulates many evolutionary dynamics observed at the global scale.