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The complete elimination of a transient superficial population of neurons, and associated immature circuits, is required for the emergence of functional properties in the mature cerebral cortex.

The relative recruitment of excitatory and inhibitory neurons by cortico-cortical interareal pathways depends on the hierarchy of areas and the laminar location of the neurons.

Existing artificial retinas produce distorted and imprecise activation of the visual system, but reverse engineering promises to refine the induced activation patterns.

Transient recruitment of electrical synapses mediates precisely timed excitation and inhibition to enhance synchronized control of cerebellar cortical output.

Circuit-based intervention corrects irreconcilable excitability defects between dentate granule cells and mossy cells in Fmr1 knockout mice, representing a promising strategy to restore the dentate excitation/inhibition balance and circuit computations.

Spontaneous, irregular spiking in single cortical pyramidal neurons assembles as neuronal avalanches at the group level identifying a robust scale-invariant organization of resting activity in the awake state.

PAK1 regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in mice through a cyclooxygenase-2 dependent restriction in tonic, but not phasic, secretion of endocannabinoids.

Associative plasticity of proximal and distal granule cell inputs to Purkinje cells enables time dependent association of information from local and distant receptive fields.

Topographic maps can gradually increase the fidelity of sensory representations and improve signal-to-noise ratio across multiple cortical circuits, a generic architectural feature that depends solely on the modularity of topographic projections and recurrent inhibition.

Accumulation of perineuronal nets around parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons closes visual cortical plasticity by selectively down-regulating thalamic synapses onto PV cells in a sensory-dependent manner.