Computational models of musical structure reveal cortical encoding of pitch and rhythm expectations during naturalistic music listening.

Key variables required for pain perception in the context of a predictive coding model are correlated with distinct oscillatory profiles.

Learned expectations allow for a distinct anticipatory distractor representation at the feature but not at the spatial level.

Pain processing in certain brain regions implements predictive coding principles, offering a novel perspective on the neural basis of pain perception.

The subcortical visual pathway through the midbrain superior colliculus is responsible for visually evoked Pavlovian conditioning and dopamine neuron responses with predicted value in monkeys, which remained after lesioning V1.

Bayesian integration is able to predict placebo treatment outcomes by focusing especially on the influence of the precision of expectations.

Autistic traits are associated with weaker influence of prior expectations in visual perception, which is due to more precise sensory representations.

Analysis of speech acoustics and human brain activity reveals the neural computations by which listeners combine speech input with prior expectations.

Dopaminergic medication dissociates contingent motivation from reward expectation effects on invigoration of movements in PD patients, confirming they are separate processes with different dopaminergic functions.

Theoretically optimal dynamics for making decisions in unpredictable environments provide a broadly applicable framework for understanding choice behavior and underlying neural signals.