The inhibition mechanism of fear extinction operates primarily in the early phase of extinction training, and the erasure mechanism takes over after that.
Prefrontal dopamine regulates inhibition of fear extinction circuits in the infralimbic cortex and disinhibition of fear expression circuits in the amygdala, leading to fear reinstatement.
A new open-source computational toolbox for processing in vivo microendoscopic calcium imaging data performs signal demixing and denoising much more accurately than previously available methods, significantly improving the utility of this imaging modality.
When the fear-enhancing effects of prior exposure to stress are absent, the expression of fear reflects normal neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex, not stress-induced hyperactivity in the amygdala.
Behavior- or optogenetic-driven activation of a basolateral amygdala projection to the nucleus accumbens enhances infralimbic cortex activity and long-term fear extinction.
A computational model for the control of chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva clarifies the link between the peripheral encoding of naturalistic olfactory stimuli and action selection.
