Lactic acid bacteria engage a hybrid metabolism which blends features of fermentation and respiration when they perform extracellular electron transfer.

The identification of ACNQ as an extracellular electron shuttle solves a longstanding problem in bacterial physiology and provides new tool for bioenergy development.

The cryo-EM structure of a functional human NOX2-p22 complex in nanodisc in the resting state reveals the architecture of this key enzyme essential for innate immunity.

Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate isoform 1 (STEAP1) can establish a physiologically relevant electron transfer chain and STEAP2 can transfer electrons via a diffusible FAD mechanism.

Francisella tularensis spreads from cell to cell when macrophages engulf small portions of infected cells upon cell contact, forming distinctive a double membraned endosome containing multiple bacteria per individual vacuole.

Experimental measurement of the trajectory of gating charge surrogates during voltage activation and deactivation in a voltage sensor.

Bioinformatic and biochemical studies provide evidence that covalently bound flavins are common and participate in wide-ranging extracytosolic redox activities throughout bacterial life.

A cryo-EM structure of the bacterial OmcZ cytochrome filament provides evidence for the possibility that cytochrome polymers had multiple origins in bacteria.

The cryo-EM structural and functional analyses reveals the lactate dehydrogenase/electron-transferring flavoprotein (Ldh-EtfAB) in its enzymatically active form and the geometry of the confurcating flow of two energetically spitted electrons via 2 FAD and 1 [4Fe-4S] cluster to a central FAD.

The dynamic structure of respiratory complex I from mesophilic bacterium is revealed and demonstrates existence of uncoupled conformations in the bacterial complex.