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Simultaneous voltage and calcium two-photon imaging of Purkinje neuron dendrites in awake mice reveals multiple interplaying mechanisms underlying sensory-evoked dendritic coincidence detection of parallel fiber and climbing fiber input.

A proposal for a complete cellular/network implementation of trial-and-error motor learning in the olivo-cerebellar system.

Neuronal activity in the striatum keeps track of elapsed time during the time production task while that in the cerebellum correlates with stochastic variation of self-timing in the range of several hundreds of milliseconds.

Two-photon in vivo calcium imaging reveals short time-scale, synchronous and sparse population activity in dentate gyrus that replays place-related information, and is important for formation of dentate-dependent spatial memory.

Ensemble fluidity, observed as synaptic turnover and temporal drift in neuronal patterns, supports memory-updating and flexibility while maintaining memory stability.

Discrete classes of cerebellar Purkinje neurons show distinct changes in synaptic and spiking activity during motor learning, with simple spikes playing a shifting role during acquisition, expression, and maintenance of learned responses.

Emerging evidence suggests a broad role for cerebellar circuits in generating and testing predictions about movement, reward, and diverse cognitive processes.

Cerebellar climbing fibers can generate learned reward-predictive instructional signals, suggesting a role for cerebellar learning in the reinforcement of reward-driven behaviors.

A comprehensive modeling approach reconciles experimental observations with classic plasticity mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex, demonstrating how learning-related changes in neural activity can appear to contradict the sign of the underlying plasticity when feedback is present.