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High-resolution blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging enables brain-wide mapping of activated regions during sensory stimulation in awake mice, including associated areas, for high-order sensory processing including anticipation responses.

During parallel fibre activity in vivo, postsynaptic mGluR1 receptors in molecular layer interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are engaged in a frequency-dependent manner and in concert with inotropic glutamate receptors.

The cerebellum can learn a sequence of responses by using a feedback signal from the previous movement to learn the next one.

Large-scale imaging analysis of CA1 reveals that distinct neural networks are involved in trace conditioning versus extinction learning, shedding light on how the hippocampus encodes different types of memory.

Long-term chemogenetic manipulation of specific cerebellar pathway involving ventral tegmental area revealed a critical role of the pathway as a proactive mediator of the stress-dependent development of depression-like behaviors.

When conducting fear conditioning in mice, cue-elicited activity bursts are primarily a result of nonassociative processes, and freezing behavior remains the best index for associative learning.

Single cells are believed to be incapable of complex forms of learning, but reconsideration of historical studies and more recent developments suggest that this orthodoxy must now be reconsidered.

Non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve using direct current promotes strengthening of memories using late-phase synaptic activity.

Cholecystokinin-positive neural projection from entorhinal cortex to lateral amygdala modulates the long-term potentiation of auditory-evoked potential in lateral amygdala and underlies the formation of trace fear memory.