Administration of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists resulted in reduced reward anticipation (effort and increased negative facial reactions), but only administration of opioid antagonists resulted in reduced liking (facial reactions).

Beliefs of others’ pain provide a cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism by modulating empathic brain activity.

A combination of human imaging and brain stimulation techniques show that the somatosensory cortex is essential to prosocial decision making, by transforming observed pain in accurate perception of others' distress.

Both bottom-up and top-down processing are involved in the occipital-temporal face network, with the top-down modulation more extensively engaged when available information is sparse in the face images.

Machine learning analyses reveal that the observation of acute pain inflictions and facial expressions of pain evoke shared pain-specific neural representations.

In addition to a neural crest cell specific role, AP-2α and AP-2ß cooperatively promote craniofacial development through regulating chromatin and gene expression dynamics in the facial surface ectoderm.

OpenNeuro is a data sharing archive that provides a platform for the free and open sharing of a broad range of neuroscience data types.

Machine learning and experimental tests of receiver bias identify signal components critical to correct species classification in guenons, linking face pattern diversity to selection for species discrimination.

Intracranial recordings indicate that the insula encodes, in a partially intermixed layout, both static and dynamic cues from different body parts that reflect the intensity of pain experienced by others.

The pre-Bötzinger complex, known as the kernel for the breathing generation, consists of separate subpopulations of neurons that project to specific nuclei to coordinate respiratory rhythmicity with different physiological behaviors, such as nasofacial activity.