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Network propagation connects TWIST1 with epigenetic regulators CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1, which collectively promote the bias toward neural crest while suppressing neural stem cell programmes, and subsequently enhance ectomesenchyme potential.

RAB23 regulates calvarial bone and suture development both independently through, and by cross-talk between, Hedgehog and fibroblast growth factor signaling.

SNP-editing of human embryonic stem cells reveals cell type specific function of a genetic variant associated with changes in human jaw shape.

The ancestor of all known jawed vertebrates possessed a maxilla and premaxilla and was similar in morphology to the 'maxillate placoderms' from China.

Variation in type XI collagen alters estrogen-dependent signaling in the extracellular matrix and is identified as a genetic risk factor for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, a common childhood deformity.

Homology of vertebrate skull structures should be based on evolutionary continuity and an appreciation of germ layer origins and inductive signaling in the embryonic head.

Context-dependent optimization of Gli-binding site occupancy, in the presence of Hand2, is critical for modulating tissue-specific transcriptional output within tissues that lack an obvious Hedgehog morphogen gradient.

During zebrafish embryogenesis, dact1 and dact2 are necessary for axis lengthening and craniofacial morphogenesis, and the protease capn8 is misexpressed in dact1/2 mutants.

Genetic lineage tracing reveals the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm as a cellular origin of craniofacial and cardiac lymphatic vessels, which most often affected in lymphatic malformation patients.

Calcineurin regulates an electrophysiological mechanism that activates the transcription of specific developmental genes in a heirarchical manner to scale fish appendages.