A new multistep hierarchical cascade controls activation of an integrative and conjugative element in a small subpopulation of cells in its bacterial host, yielding proficient DNA transferring cells.

In medaka fish, galanin-expressing neurons in the medial preoptic area occur nearly exclusively in males and mediate androgen-dependent male–male aggressive chases.

Integration and segregation of information of memory and sensory in the hippocampus could be achieved by the coordination of distinct theta-gamma coding frameworks.

Modulation of moment-to-moment irregularity of neural activity closely tracks our ability to flexibly adapt decision biases to the environment.

A plant virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, manipulates the host preference of the vector insect whitefly to promote its transmission by inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic neurodegeneration in vector's brain.

Operant drug self-administration in a mouse model of neuropathic pain reveals pain-relieving effects of a cannabinoid CB₂ receptor agonist that are mediated through CB₂ receptors of neurons and lymphocytes.

Potential for specific microbiome-directed, MHC-restricted shaping of a commonly selected HIV-specific CD8+ T cell population was suggested by MHC class I yeast display-based peptide screening approaches.

Different RhoA and Rac1 dynamics at the cell front and rear are coordinated through periodic GTPase waves, which define the minimal autonomous biochemical machinery necessary and sufficient for cell migration.

The higher amount of cortical immature neurons in brains with expanded neocortices may represent a reservoir of young cells for mammals with reduced neurogenesis.