The release of acetylcholine in the basolateral amygdala is precisely timed to salient events during reward learning but has long-lasting effects that potentiate learning of cue-reward contingencies.
Analysis of axial polarity distributions shows that Wnt5a regulates collective cell migration in vivo by stabilizing vinculin at adherens junctions and fine-tuning mechanocoupling between neighbouring cells.
Male-type aggressive and courtship behaviors of the fruit flies are differentially specified by two sex-determining genes, providing a substrate for the evolution to sculpt these two behaviors independently.
During a sensorimotor perturbation, task outcome may serve as a gain on implicit adaptation or provide a distinct error signal for a second, independent implicit learning process.
While the basal ganglia have long been thought to mediate learning through dopamine-dependent striatal plasticity, their regulation of motor thalamus plays an unexpected and critical role in reinforcement.
Dopamine signaling gradually causes long-lasting changes in fine motor coordination that can later be activated by acute changes in dopamine neuron activity.