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A new mathematical approach can infer higher order genetic interactions from pairwise fitness comparisons between genotypes.

A description of evolution that is based on birth-death processes, and in which fitness is at most a derived quantity, is advocated.

Rectangular order perturbations generalize sign epistasis, capture global aspects of fitness landscapes, and clarify how rank order approaches relate.

Some deleterious mutations co-occurring within a genome can compensate each other, and this affects patterns of polymorphism, particularly in highly polymorphic species.

Predictable patterns of fitness evolution observed in microbial evolution experiments can emerge generically as a consequence of widespread epistatic interactions between mutations.

The local fitness landscape of an antigenic region in influenza neuraminidase was determined by combinatorial mutagenesis and next-generation sequencing.

High-resolution simulations of evolving microbial populations reveal that microscopic epistasis slows the rate of adaptation, while clonal interference can either speed it up or leave it fixed.

Whole genome deep sequencing of many longitudinally sampled HIV-1 populations reveals that reversions towards ancestral HIV-1 genome sequences occur throughout the course of infection.

The evolution of the light-sensitive visual pigment rhodopsin involved functional tradeoffs that may have sacrificed rod photosensitivity for active-state protein stability to mitigate phototoxicity in tetrapods, but not in fishes.

The wtf meiotic drivers change the fitness landscape of meiosis in outcrossed Schizosaccharomyces pombe demonstrating that genetic parasites can favor the evolution of variants that disrupt meiotic fidelity.