A novel neurotrophin signaling axis underpins a behavioral response to food scarcity.

Administration of dopamine and opioid receptor antagonists resulted in reduced reward anticipation (effort and increased negative facial reactions), but only administration of opioid antagonists resulted in reduced liking (facial reactions).

For mice, knowing when it is time to feed is dependent on the neurotransmitter dopamine and the D1R receptor of neurons in the dorsal striatum.

Brain imaging and behavioral analysis reveal two opposing states of hunger, represented by anti-correlated lateral and caudal hypothalamic dynamics that are important for the homeostatic control of feeding in zebrafish.

Synchronized feeding and metabolic patterns with environmental light–dark cycles is critical to maintain energy homeostasis and requires the activity of leptin-receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.

Dormancy during non-life-threatening periods that are unfavorable for reproduction may be more widespread than previously appreciated.

In the orbitofrontal cortex, mTORC1, a multiprotein complex centered around the kinase mTOR, contributes to the development and/or maintenance of habitual alcohol seeking.

Protein nutritional requirements decrease predictively with mass throughout ontogeny across the animal kingdom.

Loss of REM sleep increases sucrose and fat consumption in mice; and inhibiting the prefrontal cortex reverses the increased consumption of sucrose, but not fat, following REM sleep loss.

The pleasure of rewards in humans is mediated by an opioidergic mechanism.