X-ray imaging reveals well-preserved internal characters in mineralized arthropods from the Paleogene, urging the reexamination of previously neglected fossil collections.

The activin ligand myoglianin acts as a temporal extrinsic cue to regulate the intrinsic temporal factor Imp in mushroom body neuroblasts, increasing neuronal diversity by specifying the α’β’ fate.

Subterranean fossil bone hosts a living microbiome different from the surrounding sediment without evidence of original protein preservation.

Flying squirrels may have originated earlier than previously thought and remained unchanged for almost 12 million years.

The maintenance of memory CD4 T cells in mice relies on a continual and strikingly high level of replenishment from naive precursors, and older memory T cells may resist the influx of newer ones.

The earliest fossil evidence of a mimetic relationship between the Jurassic moth lacewing Lichenipolystoechotes and its co-occurring fossil lichen Daohugouthallus predates modern lichen-insect associations by 165 million years.

Well-preserved fossils reveal an extreme morphological specialization of fly larvae, and broaden our understanding of the diversity of ectoparasitism in Mesozoic insects.

The discovery of a fossil heart in Rhacolepis buccalis demonstrates that it is possible to scrutinize the fossil record for important clues on cardiac structure and evolution.

The discovery of new skeletal remains of Homo naledi in the Lesedi Chamber, South Africa, adds more evidence to our understanding of the morphology and behavior of this recently discovered species.

DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene reveal that the extinct Eurasian straight-tusked elephants were closely related to today's African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Africa.