A combination of detailed sampling and mathematical modeling suggests that the response of immune cells to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 is extremely rapid and effective within microscopic areas of genital skin.
Type I IFN is a key determinant of pathogenic neutrophil activity and drives tissue pathology through modulation of IL-18 levels during genital HSV infection.
In vertebrates, large regulatory landscapes sometimes behave as coherent regulatory units, which may explain the lack of effect sometimes observed when single enhancer sequences are deleted in isolation.
CD4+ T cells from the female reproductive tract are unusually susceptible to HIV infection and are altered by HIV in ways that promote survival and systemic spread of the virus.
A new morphological structure evolved through extreme changes in cell height requires novel connections to an extracellular matrix network, which predates the origin of structure.
Despite their extreme morphologies, snakes display a global regulatory strategy of their Hox genes similar to that implemented by mammals with, however, important modifications in enhancer specificity.
X-ray imaging reveals well-preserved internal characters in mineralized arthropods from the Paleogene, urging the reexamination of previously neglected fossil collections.
Quantitative behavioral assays and modeling show that acoustic duetting in Drosophila during courtship relies on the detection of precisely timed cues via multiple sensory channels.
Analysis of the atypical tryptophan biosynthetic operon of Chlamydia trachomatis revealed the simultaneous regulation of transcriptional initiation and termination by an iron-dependent repressor, expanding known regulatory mechanisms of this pathway.
