A combination of detailed sampling and mathematical modeling suggests that the response of immune cells to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 is extremely rapid and effective within microscopic areas of genital skin.

In vertebrates, large regulatory landscapes sometimes behave as coherent regulatory units, which may explain the lack of effect sometimes observed when single enhancer sequences are deleted in isolation.

The origins of the posterior lobe, a recently evolved structure in some species of Drosophila, have become clearer.

A new morphological structure evolved through extreme changes in cell height requires novel connections to an extracellular matrix network, which predates the origin of structure.

Obligate intracellular Chlamydia secrete a deubiquitinating enzyme (Cdu1) into the membrane of the Chlamydia-containing vacuole to deubiquitinate selected host proteins and support the survival of the bacteria during genital infection.

Immune cells in the endometrium are targeted by HIV and re-programmed to allow them to survive and spread the virus throughout the body.