The hair follicle dermal condensate is populated via migration, and the cells exhibit early changes in cell shape and cell cycle status; Fgf20 primes these cellular and molecular events.
Activity levels in anterior and posterior cholinergic basal forebrain neurons are associated with distinct aspects of global brain state, sensory salience, reward expectation, and aversive reinforcement learning.
Steven R Sando, Nikhil Bhatla ... H Robert Horvitz
By driving the localized contraction of subcellular muscle regions, a single motor neuron reverses the flow of material in the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx, a neuromuscular pump, converting feeding into spitting.
Niki Anthoney, Lucy Tainton-Heap ... Bruno van Swinderen
Different methods for inducing sleep in Drosophila flies may be promoting distinct sleep stages with different functions when brain activity and gene expression are compared.
Social clustering behaviors in Drosophila are closely tied to compensatory mechanisms for developmental traits and adaptive behavior plasticity, requiring early-life social experiences and the memory-encoding neuropeptide signaling pathway.
Friederike E Kohrs, Ilsa-Maria Daumann ... P Robin Hiesinger
The first complete null mutant collection of all rab GTPase genes in a multicellular organism uncovers neuronal development and function sensitive to environmental challenges in Drosophila.
Emx2 is not required for sibling HCs to acquire their designated locations within the neuromast, inferring that Emx2 mediates opposite HC orientation by changing location of hair bundle establishment.
Katherine W Rogers, Mohammad ElGamacy ... Patrick Müller
Optogenetic manipulation of BMP signaling indicates that diversity in BMP-dependent gene expression is not well explained by differential responses to BMP, and combinatorial signaling is a major driver of diversity.
Although many Apical Ectodermal Ridge signaling components are found in the axolotl limb epidermis, responsiveness to canonical Wnt signaling has shifted to the limb mesenchyme where it regulates mesenchymal Fgf8 expression.