A new model describes how adaptive molecular evolution shapes phylogenetic trees and can be used to estimate the fitness effects of mutations from phylogenies.

Without specific training, young chicks represent the absence of objects, showing that the concept of 'nothing' is available to nonhuman animals and does not require linguistic tools, such as negation.

The detection of low quantities of alkaloids in putatively nontoxic species of poison frogs sheds light on early evolutionary stages of chemical defense in animals.

Environmental selection overwhelmed the geographic 'distance' effect when across biotas, overturning the previously well-accepted geographic pattern for microbes on a large scale.

Aneuploid human embryonic cells are eliminated by p53-mediated apoptosis in a gene dosage dependent manner.

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed the structural and dynamical changes in MgtE during the channel closure caused by the cooperative Mg²⁺-binding, which had remained undescribed only by a static crystal structure.

Functional divergence of caspase 3 and 7 in vertebrate is mediated by key residue mutation.

Contrary to previous findings, class A GPCRs share a common activation pathway that directly links ligand binding to G-protein activation, as revealed by novel quantitative analysis.

Social hierarchies resulting from the European colonization of the Americas stratified the population structure, leading to ancestry-related assortative mating and sex bias patterns that can be inferred from the genomes of the populations across the continent.

SUN5 is essential for the tight junction between sperm head and the head-tail coupling apparatus, and is the main cause of human acephalic spermatozoa syndrome.