Leave-One-Trial-Out (LOTO) is a general, efficient and easily implementable approach for inferring trial-by-trial measures of computational model parameters in order to link these measures to neural mechanisms.

A unique, widely distributed gut bacterial enzyme selectively metabolizes plant-derived cardiac glycoside drugs.

A network of the gut chemical landscape predicts microbe-mediated biotransformation of foods and drugs and supports the generation of mechanistic hypotheses of microbiome metabolic phenotypes that shape human biology.

Humans intranasally administered the neuropeptide oxytocin waste less and earn more spoils during intergroup conflict because oxytocin enables group members to better coordinate strategic attacking of out-groups.

The human gut bacterial lipoprotein BtuG binds vitamin B12 with femtomolar affinity, can remove vitamin B12 from human intrinsic factor, and is required for commensal fitness in the gut.

Social interactions can have a direct effect on the composition of the gut microbiome in wild primates.

Experiments in ex-germ-free mice establish a measurable effect of colonization history on gut microbiota assembly, illuminating a potential cause for the high levels of unexplained individuality in host-associated microbial communities.

The density of the gut microbiota influences the host immune system and adiposity, and can be therapeutically manipulated.

Melainabacteria, a candidate phylum related to Cyanobacteria, has been identified in gut and sediment samples by genomic analysis.

Disturbing the microbiota with antibiotics alters gut redox state via changes in electron acceptor availability, setting the stage for post-antibiotic succession.