A proposal for a complete cellular/network implementation of trial-and-error motor learning in the olivo-cerebellar system.

Advances in quantitative phase and polarized light microscopy, combined with deep learning, reveal the architecture of human brain tissue.

Purkinje cell collaterals regulate processing in the input layer of the cerebellum by providing fast stochastic GABA_A-mediated and slow GABA_B-mediated inhibition to a specialized subset of unipolar brush cells.

Human gut bacteria alter their metabolism in response to each other's presence, which causes their community dynamics to deviate from predictions that are based on mono-culture data.

Bioinformatics analyses and experiments in mouse models reveal how Escherichia coli accesses the molecular hydrogen pool to boost colonization during acute colitis.

The first structure of a bacteriophage-encoded S-adenosyl methionine degrading enzyme was solved and demonstrated to catalyze a unimolecular lyase reaction occurring at the domain interface of a trimeric structure.

Gut microbial signatures of domestication parallel those of industrialization, implicating shared ecological drivers.

Humans intranasally administered the neuropeptide oxytocin waste less and earn more spoils during intergroup conflict because oxytocin enables group members to better coordinate strategic attacking of out-groups.

Disturbing the microbiota with antibiotics alters gut redox state via changes in electron acceptor availability, setting the stage for post-antibiotic succession.

Addressing the controversy regarding the interpretation of choice probabilities demonstrates that both readout strategy and noise correlations contribute to the link between neural activity and perceptual decisions.