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    1. Medicine
    2. Neuroscience

    Family history of Alzheimer’s disease alters cognition and is modified by medical and genetic factors

    Joshua S Talboom, Asta Håberg ... Matthew J Huentelman
    An internet-based cohort study of paired associate learning shows that a first-degree family history of dementia is associated with lowered performance, an effect modified by apolipoprotein E genotype and diabetes.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Quantifying the contribution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to febrile illness amongst African children

    Ursula Dalrymple, Ewan Cameron ... Peter W Gething
    Fevers amongst African children are often assumed to be caused by a malaria infection, but here it is estimated that the majority of fevers amongst African children, including those with a patent malaria infection, are due to infections with diseases other than malaria.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Repeated introductions and intensive community transmission fueled a mumps virus outbreak in Washington State

    Louise H Moncla, Allison Black ... Trevor Bedford
    Social networks can be the primary risk factor for mumps infection and transmission, regardless of age and vaccination status.
    1. Medicine

    A global view of the aspiring physician-scientist

    Christopher S Williams, W Kimryn Rathmell ... Mone Zaidi
    Challenges faced by the declining global workforce of young physician-scientists are highlighted, and a unified view on how to revive and reinvigorate this critical pool of dual-trained physicians worldwide is provided.
    1. Medicine
    2. Neuroscience

    Reporting and misreporting of sex differences in the biological sciences

    Yesenia Garcia-Sifuentes, Donna L Maney
    A review of studies in the life sciences shows that inappropriate statistical approaches may distort conclusions on sex differences.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Seasonal variation and etiologic inferences of childhood pneumonia and diarrhea mortality in India

    Daniel S Farrar, Shally Awasthi ... Prabhat Jha
    Nationally-representative verbal autopsies can be linked to seasonal patterns, clinical syndromes, and climate regions to describe novel insights regarding the microbiologic etiologies of childhood pneumonia and diarrhea in India.
    1. Neuroscience

    A single pair of pharyngeal neurons functions as a commander to reject high salt in Drosophila melanogaster

    Jiun Sang, Subash Dhakal ... Youngseok Lee
    Fruit flies have special neurons in their pharynx with ionotropic receptors to prevent consuming too much salt, which was confirmed using a variety of behavioral and physiological assays.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health

    Future life expectancy in Europe taking into account the impact of smoking, obesity, and alcohol

    Fanny Janssen, Anastasios Bardoutsos ... Joop De Beer
    Accounting for the impact of smoking, obesity, and alcohol on past mortality trends, we project, compared to common practice, longer individual lifespans and more elderly in society for the future.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Medicine

    Development and validation of COEWS (COVID-19 Early Warning Score) for hospitalized COVID-19 with laboratory features: A multicontinental retrospective study

    Riku Klén, Ivan A Huespe ... David Gómez-Varela
    The new early warning system, COEWS, will improve the early identification and management of high-risk COVID-19 patients compared to the widely used NEWS2 by using easy-to-obtain clinical parameters that have been externally validated in a diverse multicontinental cohort of patients.
    1. Cancer Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Tumor-infiltrating nerves functionally alter brain circuits and modulate behavior in a mouse model of head-and-neck cancer

    Jeffrey Barr, Austin Walz ... Paola D Vermeer
    Nerve tracing and behavioral studies in tumor-bearing mice together with transcriptional and functional analysis reveal cancer-induced central and peripheral neuronal alterations that influence behavior.