Cooperation between evolutionarily disparate CRISPR-Cas modules allows bacteria to counter mutational escape by viruses.

scRNA-seq identified CXCR4^high MKs can funtionally regulate host-defense immune response against bacterial infection.

Beneficial symbiotic bacteria encode an exceptional number of toxin-related genes that are all expressed by the symbionts in the host, supporting their key role in host-microbe interactions.

Domestication of endosymbiotic Mollicutes may have resolved nitrogen-recycling challenges for attine ants and enabled the evolutionary derived leaf-cutting ants to fully exploit their herbivorous niches.

Bacterial Type IV restriction-modification systems display remarkable, previously unnoticed diversity of complex gene and domain architectures, and are predicted to couple antiphage immunity with the abortive infection form of defense.

Bacteriophage can rapidly evolve resistance to anti-phage defense elements in bacteria by amplifying latent counter-defense genes, though this amplification comes at a cost of compensatory deletions that eliminate other counter-defense genes.

Specialized fungal pathogen populations infect rice varieties with contrasting immune systems co-cultivated in a traditional agro-system, indicating the relevance of crop diversity to restricting epidemics in the landscape.

Musashi-mediated post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate glucuronoxylan modification and secondary cell wall formation in the supportive fibre cells of stem in plants.

Transient interactions between NleE and PMSD10 suppress PSMD10 interaction with ATG7 to attenuate host autophagosome formation.

A viral protein hijacks the key effector of transcriptional gene silencing, Su(var)3-9, to evade host plant surveillance.