A cell-free system combined with cell-based assays elucidate the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction mediated by the mitochondrial protein MAVS and delineates the role of ubiquitin E3 ligases in antiviral innate immune responses.

An innovative strategy in genome analysis has generated a detailed description of how pathogens mutate when facing human genetic diversity.

The sequencing of microbial genomes reveals that the presence of a particular microbial species in the gut may increase the risk of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis.

Both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria can use their sheathed flagella during host colonization as a novel toxin-/signal-delivery mechanism.

The endosymbiont Spiroplasma can only proliferate if it can acquire sufficient hemolymph lipids from its insect host.

The T-cell receptors of gamma delta (γδ) T cells can recognize and trigger responses to small molecules and are thereby versatile drivers of immunity.

Signaling by TAM receptor tyrosine kinases requires the coincident engagement of a TAM ligand with both its receptor and the phospholipid phosphatidylserine.

Protein heptosyltransferases modify a group of bacterial autotransporters for virulence function and employ a novel structural mechanism for the processive hyperglycosylation of the autotransporter.