The ability of epithelial cells to distinguish between domains on opposing cell surfaces within a tissue, a property known as planar cell polarity, relies on proteins and protein complexes directing the traffic of signaling proteins to specific locations on the cell surface membrane.

A bacterial protein can be programmed with short RNA molecules to stimulate genome editing at specific sites in human cells.

A transmembrane protein uses distinct mechanisms to regulate the movement of specific toll-like receptors-key immune system components involved in detecting pathogens-to their final locations inside cells.

The details of how the enzyme DNA polymerase α initiates the polymerization of nucleotides in DNA replication, a critical step in the synthesis of new chromosomal DNA, have been revealed in atomic detail.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer has been used to explore the interactions between DNA polymerases, sliding clamps and clamp loaders as DNA is replicated in human cells.

COPII vesicles regulate the metabolism of cholesterol through the selective transport of secretory proteins.

A protein called PVRL4 has a central role in a number of cancers that originate in epithelial tissue, and anti-PVRL4 antibodies could be used to treat some of these cancers.

The ability of an enzyme called XPD helicase to unwind the double helix is influenced by the DNA sequence and the availability of energy.

Cryo-electron microscopy has been used to provide a structural interpretation of the complete action cycle of release factor 3 during translation termination, which includes a coordinated sequence of interactions with a class-I release factor and the ribosome.

The plant hormone ethylene regulates the expression of multiple genes in the model plant Arabidopsis, including those that respond to other hormones.