The use of genetically encoded redox sensors in phagocytized bacteria reveals that, among the toxic cocktail of oxidants released into the neutrophil's phagolysosome, HOCl is the main component responsible for the oxidative modification of bacterial protein thiols.
N-chlorination, a reversible, oxidative modification, turns plasma proteins into holdase-like chaperones, potent activators of immune cells and pro-survival factors for phagocytic immune cells.
NETs induction, a central component of the innate immune response, utilises assorted signalling pathways as demonstrated through the analysis of healthy and patient neutrophils treated with five distinct stimuli.
Electron-donating nucleophilic compounds activate TRPA1 ion channels in fruit flies and mosquitoes, but not humans, making TRPA1 a promising target for insect repellants.
