Transgenic mice with high levels of FGF21 live for longer than wild-type mice and do so without reducing food intake.

A lipid acts to promote the development of nematode worm larvae through activation of an enzyme complex called TORC1.

Longevity in C. elegans is influenced not only by insulin/IGF-1 signalling, but also by CAMKII and calcineurin, acting on the same target, the transcription factor DAF-16.

Utilizing a conserved mechanism, a ribosome can initiate translation from a site within the insulin receptor mRNA to maintain protein synthesis even when standard mechanisms of initiating translation have been inhibited by stress.

Mice with a mutation that disrupts the release of growth hormone show greatly increased lifespan, which can be further increased by caloric restriction.

The anti-diabetic drug metformin, currently in clinical trials as a potential anti-cancer agent, reduces tumor growth by inhibiting mitochondrial complex I of human cancer cells.

Flow cytometric isolation and fate mapping shows that neurosphere-initiating cells are highly mitotically active and persist only transiently in vivo, and are distinct from quiescent, long-lived neural stem cells.

Smurf1 and Smurf2 have essential functions in the mammalian Shh signaling pathway, binding to and ubiquitylating Patched1, leading to its endocytosis and subsequent degradation in lysosomes.

Developing long bones contain distinct mesenchymal stem-cell populations derived from mesoderm and neural crest, which have specialized functions in skeleton formation and the establishment of the hematopoietic stem-cell niche, respectively.

Yeast specific lipids promote the transport of lipid transfer protein (LTP) across the blood brain barrier to the neurons that regulate systemic insulin signaling.