The numerous reports in support of action-value representation in the striatum are based on statistical analyses that are subject to two critical confounds and, thus, this long-held belief of striatal action-value representation should be retested using different experiments and analyses.

A comprehensive cross-sectional assessment reveals functional decline in mice consistent with increased energetic cost of physical activity with age through metabolic rewiring in multiple organs.

Homologous recombination rates tend to be highest in the most conserved parts of bacterial genomes.

Baltic and Arctic ecotypes of the marine midge Clunio emerged from a recent adaptive radiation, which is based on standing genetic variation at many loci involved in time-keeping and nervous system development.

In addition to the well-established involvement of descending neural tracts, the left-right side-specific endocrine mechanism may contribute to signaling from injured brain to spinal motor circuits.

A history of coevolution increases genetic variation in the susceptibility of Drosophila to viruses, largely by introducing major-effect resistance polymorphisms into populations.

A demonstration of the power of routine case data and statistical modelling to guide the allocation of anti-malarial interventions in a resource-constrained setting.

A critical assessment of published microRNA/microRNA-like provides clues on features and conservation of these hairpin RNAs in fungi in addition to a centralized loci annotation resource for the community.

Interspecies comparison of transcription factor occupancy during embryogenesis reveals potential co-operative relationships between factors and uncovers the inherent plasticity of developmental enhancers to overcome divergence in transcription factor occupancy.

Social-interaction impairment in germ-free mice is associated with a markedly altered transcriptional response to social novelty in the amygdala, as characterised by replacement of upregulation of common stimulus-induced pathways with upregulation of the splicing machinery.