Relative value perception, a basic tenant of Behavioural Economics, is demonstrated in an insect, and further shown to be driven by cognitive processes and induced by private and social information.

The dependence of incentive value attribution on the anticipation of rewards within a given context is explained via a normative Bayesian account of how rewards map to incentive values.

Orbital frontal cortex projection neuron activity is necessary to update state-dependent value change to control model-based behavior.

A top-down circuit generating from the prelimbic cortex and projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus mediates individual differences in cue-elicited responding by affecting subcortical dopamine-dependent incentive learning.

A selective reuptake inhibitor shows a beneficial effect in healthy humans during an effort-benefit tradeoff task, mediated at the computational level by a specific alleviation of effort cost.

Although the phasic activity of midbrain dopamine neurons is known to represent reward values, these neurons displayed a tonic firing mode to continuously track reward values changing moment-by-moment.

The pleasure of rewards in humans is mediated by an opioidergic mechanism.

A mathematical model built around the assumption that the desire to maintain internal homeostasis drives the behavior of animals, by affecting their learning processes, can explain many real-world behaviors, including some that might otherwise appear irrational.

fMRI evidence for off-task replay predicts subsequent replanning behavior in humans, suggesting that learning from simulated experience during replay helps update past policies in reinforcement learning.

Modelling differential roles for identified dopaminergic and output neurons of the fruit fly mushroom bodies, combined with a novel dopaminergic plasticity rule, explains neural and behavioural phenomena in olfactory learning tasks.