The value of any choice is not static but dynamically changes as a function of the context of the alternatives even if they are seemingly irrelevant.

Speeded value-based decisions between two options can be affected by a third, high-value distractor that captures attention and slows down the choice process.

Computational modelling reveals variations in people’s preferences towards integrating choice attributes using an additive or multiplicative approach, which affected whether the presence of valuable distractors facilitate or impair decision making.

A previously reported positive influence of a distractor alternative on decision accuracy was driven by an unintended covariation between key variables, beyond which the distractor has a modest negative influence on accuracy, possibly mirroring asymmetric multiattribute context effects.

Remaining focused on the topic at hand when speaking depends on effective selection of task-relevant semantic knowledge, and declines in this ability account for increases in off-topic speech in older people.

A model for evolutionary inferences at both micro- and macroevolutionary scales is proposed and evaluated theoretically and through simulations.

Helminth infected hosts are an important cause of variation in the level, frequency and duration of Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and dynamics of infection.

Female rats express higher levels of β noradrenergic receptor RNA in premotor cortex than males, and systemic blockade of these receptors diminished neural representation of action plans in premotor cortex and impaired decision-making performance, especially in females.

The sequence of neural and physiological processes underlying action-stopping has been delineated.

When conscious visual perception changes, the observer's pupils simultaneously signal the accompanying change in visual cortical representation, and specific neuromodulatory activity that helps translate the altered visual experience into behavior.